Foot and Ankle sprains

Presentation

Ankle sprains are among the most common foot and ankle injuries. They occur when the ligaments that stabilize the ankle are overstretched or torn, often due to twisting the foot inward while pointing downward. These ligaments — including the lateral ankle ligaments and the deltoid ligament — are essential for stability. Patients typically experience swelling, bruising, pain, and difficulty bearing weight, and may feel the ankle is unstable.

Common Causes

• Joint laxity or mechanical instability that makes the ankle more prone to injury

• Biomechanical factors, such as a naturally inward (varus) foot alignment

• Muscle weakness in the lower leg that reduces ankle support

Prevention Tips

• Wear supportive, properly fitted shoes for daily activities and sports

• Use orthotics or braces if you have instability or structural alignment issues

• Take care when walking or exercising on uneven surfaces

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the severity of the sprain, but generally includes:

• Immobilization & Support – CAM boot, ankle brace, crutches, or knee scooter to protect the ligaments while healing

• Pain & Inflammation Management – rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE protocol)

• Rehabilitation & Physical Therapy – restoring strength, balance, and proprioception once initial healing is complete

• Gradual Return to Activity – guided exercises to help prevent future sprains and improve ankle stability